This study intends to propose a new use of the shape grammar: verify the influence of a certain architect’s language over another architect’s language. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics suggest the existence of an influence of Wright’s prairie houses over Artigas’ early work, but the methods used to reach to this conclusion are always empirical and not very objective. The present work aims to confirm this influence in a more rational manner, comparing Wright’s prairie houses grammar developed by Koning and Eizenberg (1981) to Artigas’ first phase grammar that will developed in this work.
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta shape grammars. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta shape grammars. Mostrar todas as mensagens
segunda-feira, 23 de novembro de 2009
Débora Cruz e Gabriela Celani
A influência de Frank Lloyd Wright sobre João Batista Vilanova Artigas – uma análise formal. Frank Lloyd Wright’s influence over João Batista Vilanova Artigas – a formal analysis.
This study intends to propose a new use of the shape grammar: verify the influence of a certain architect’s language over another architect’s language. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics suggest the existence of an influence of Wright’s prairie houses over Artigas’ early work, but the methods used to reach to this conclusion are always empirical and not very objective. The present work aims to confirm this influence in a more rational manner, comparing Wright’s prairie houses grammar developed by Koning and Eizenberg (1981) to Artigas’ first phase grammar that will developed in this work.
This study intends to propose a new use of the shape grammar: verify the influence of a certain architect’s language over another architect’s language. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics suggest the existence of an influence of Wright’s prairie houses over Artigas’ early work, but the methods used to reach to this conclusion are always empirical and not very objective. The present work aims to confirm this influence in a more rational manner, comparing Wright’s prairie houses grammar developed by Koning and Eizenberg (1981) to Artigas’ first phase grammar that will developed in this work.
sábado, 26 de setembro de 2009
DANIEL CARDOSO LLACH
A generative Grammar for 2D Manufacturing of 3D objects
Much of the current research in Desing and Computation for Architecture proposes to automate the production of construction information as a means of freeing architects from the sticky and inconvenient contingencies of dealing with physical matter.
Buthayna H. Eilouti and Amer M. Al-Jokhadar
A Generative System for Mamluk Madrasa Form-Making
In this paper, a parametric shape grammar for the derivation of the floor plans of educational buildings (madrasas) in Mamluk architecture is presented. The grammar is constructed using a corpus of sixteen Mamluk madrasas that were built in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine during the Mamluk period. Based on an epistemological premise of structuralism, the morphology of Mamluk madrasas is analyzed to deduce commonalities of the formal and compositional aspects among them. The set of underlying common lexical and syntactic elements that are shared by the study cases is listed. The shape rule schemata to derive Mamluk madrasa floor plans are formulated. The sets of lexical elements and syntactic rules are systematized to form a linguistic framework. The theoretical framework for the formal language of Mamluk architecture is structured to establish a basis for a computerized model for the automatic derivation of Mamluk madrasa floor plans.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/u58456q674708t03/
In this paper, a parametric shape grammar for the derivation of the floor plans of educational buildings (madrasas) in Mamluk architecture is presented. The grammar is constructed using a corpus of sixteen Mamluk madrasas that were built in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine during the Mamluk period. Based on an epistemological premise of structuralism, the morphology of Mamluk madrasas is analyzed to deduce commonalities of the formal and compositional aspects among them. The set of underlying common lexical and syntactic elements that are shared by the study cases is listed. The shape rule schemata to derive Mamluk madrasa floor plans are formulated. The sets of lexical elements and syntactic rules are systematized to form a linguistic framework. The theoretical framework for the formal language of Mamluk architecture is structured to establish a basis for a computerized model for the automatic derivation of Mamluk madrasa floor plans.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/u58456q674708t03/
sexta-feira, 25 de setembro de 2009
Belinda Torus
Generative Design in Architecture and Mass-Customization
In this study, the generative design in housing is characterized through the utilization of shape grammars. The functions and the relations within a chosen housing typology are described and different types are produced through the defined relations. Three main constraints are the number of inhabitants (room numbers and sizes), the number of storeys and the main module. In this case, cube is selected as the main module. Mardin is selected as a region to be focused on because of its grammatical housing morphology. Different colors are given to different functions; kitchens, living spaces, rooms, bathrooms, semi-open spaces and open spaces. Different types and variations are produced computationally, and by using this method, it is aimed to integrate the customers to the generative design process. This method is likely to emphasize variation and personalization and make a start to mass customization.
terça-feira, 22 de setembro de 2009
Meryem Birgul Colakoglu
Design by grammar : algorithmic design in an architectural context
An experimental study was performed to explore the practical applicability of the rule based design method of shape grammars. The shape grammar method is used for the analysis and synthesis of the hayat house type in a particular context. In the analysis part, the shape grammar method is used to extract basic compositional principles of the hayat house. In the synthesis part, first the evolution of a new hayat house prototype is illustrated. An algorithmic prototype transformation is considered. This transformation is achieved in two ways: by changing the values assigned to the variables that define the component objects of the form, and by replacing the vocabulary elements of the form with new ones. Then, the application of the rule based design method for housing pattern generation is explored. The design of a housing complex is illustrated using this method.
segunda-feira, 21 de setembro de 2009
Giovana de Godoi e Gabriela Celani
A study about facades from historical brazilian town using shape grammar
Shape grammars have been used in architecture for analysis and synthesis - in the first case, mainly for the characterization of styles and in the later for the generation of novel compositions. The present research proposes the use of shape grammars for establishing guidelines for the requalification of historical areas that have lost their original characteristics due to improper renovations. In order to develop and test the proposed method, a study will be carried out in a small Brazilian town called Monte Alegre do Sul. The town was chosen because its original urban morphology, developed in the XIXth century, is still relatively well preserved, although part of the original façades have been transformed. The objective of the research is to develop a shape grammar to set guidelines for the re-adaptation of the already renovated façades in Monte Alegre do Sul.
http://cumincades.scix.net/data/works/att/sigradi2008_089.content.pdf
Shape grammars have been used in architecture for analysis and synthesis - in the first case, mainly for the characterization of styles and in the later for the generation of novel compositions. The present research proposes the use of shape grammars for establishing guidelines for the requalification of historical areas that have lost their original characteristics due to improper renovations. In order to develop and test the proposed method, a study will be carried out in a small Brazilian town called Monte Alegre do Sul. The town was chosen because its original urban morphology, developed in the XIXth century, is still relatively well preserved, although part of the original façades have been transformed. The objective of the research is to develop a shape grammar to set guidelines for the re-adaptation of the already renovated façades in Monte Alegre do Sul.http://cumincades.scix.net/data/works/att/sigradi2008_089.content.pdf
segunda-feira, 31 de agosto de 2009
Alan Mathison Turing
British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer
Turing worked from 1952 until his death in 1954 on mathematical biology, specifically morphogenesis. He published one paper on the subject called "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" in 1952, putting forth the Turing hypothesis of pattern formation.[30] His central interest in the field was understanding Fibonacci phyllotaxis, the existence of Fibonacci numbers in plant structures. He used reaction–diffusion equations which are now central to the field of pattern formation. Later papers went unpublished until 1992 when Collected Works of A.M. Turing was published.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
sábado, 1 de agosto de 2009
Eudardo Westphal(2007)
A Linguagem da Arquitectura Hospitalar de João Figueiras Lima
Orientador: Benamy Turkienicz
This work aims at describing the elements that characterize the architectural language of João Filgueiras Lima, Lelé, developed for the Sarah Network of Hospitals for the Locomotor System, looking for the identification of attributes that assign identity to his projects and allow creativity despite of using an industrialized construction system. The analysis reached spatial articulation, using Space Syntax; the composition of shapes and their articulation, using Shape Grammars’ concepts; and the articulation of building components, using Color Grammars concepts. The identified attributes allowed the description of a genealogy of design procedures applicable to the synthesis of the language of Lelé. Such attributes are integrated into ways for coding a Genetic Algorithm that maps new solutions under the described language and the constraints of the hospital program and the industrialization process. The understanding of such genealogy finds applications both in professional practice and architectural design teaching. The conclusions of this work suggest the further development of the analysis, looking for a more complex algorithm able to search for fitter solutions
http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/11433
Orientador: Benamy Turkienicz
This work aims at describing the elements that characterize the architectural language of João Filgueiras Lima, Lelé, developed for the Sarah Network of Hospitals for the Locomotor System, looking for the identification of attributes that assign identity to his projects and allow creativity despite of using an industrialized construction system. The analysis reached spatial articulation, using Space Syntax; the composition of shapes and their articulation, using Shape Grammars’ concepts; and the articulation of building components, using Color Grammars concepts. The identified attributes allowed the description of a genealogy of design procedures applicable to the synthesis of the language of Lelé. Such attributes are integrated into ways for coding a Genetic Algorithm that maps new solutions under the described language and the constraints of the hospital program and the industrialization process. The understanding of such genealogy finds applications both in professional practice and architectural design teaching. The conclusions of this work suggest the further development of the analysis, looking for a more complex algorithm able to search for fitter solutionshttp://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/11433
sábado, 25 de julho de 2009
CBA (MIT) activities. Rapid-prototyping tools
Related CBA activities across a wide range of length scales are investigating the foundations of fabrication in locally encoding global structures. Macroscopically, a "shape grammar" for wood frame construction was developed to represent the design of a building in coded joints:which can be assembled from press-fit panels produced with two-dimensional rapid-prototyping tools. This approach promises to reduce the cost of construction in time, labor, and materials, and even more importantly to enable rapid customization of low-cost construction that is responsive to local needs [Sass, 2005; Sass and Botha, 2006].Shape Grammars
At one point, mostly due to the Master's work of Miranda, I became interested in shape grammars. I wrote a little program called xform3d that allows a user to dynamically manipulate 3D shape grammars; kind of a less elegant, hard to use version of Miranda's program, Shaper2D. Below are a few of the nice images to come out of early versions of xform3d.
quinta-feira, 23 de julho de 2009
domingo, 19 de julho de 2009
Shape Grammar
The Shape Grammar created for this project consists of both diagrammatic and parametric rules.
1. The diagrammatic set of Shape rules (S) was based on:
. a generic 2D angle or corner with a fixed aspect ratio.
. a bounding box with four central openings to form an initial shape and to enclose various subshapes.
http://flightplay.net/design/shape_grammar.html#animation
1. The diagrammatic set of Shape rules (S) was based on:
. a generic 2D angle or corner with a fixed aspect ratio.
. a bounding box with four central openings to form an initial shape and to enclose various subshapes.
http://flightplay.net/design/shape_grammar.html#animation
terça-feira, 9 de junho de 2009
segunda-feira, 8 de junho de 2009
Dounas Theodore (2008), Architect Engineer
Dynamic (Shape) Grammars
Abstract:
The research presented in the paper explores the creation of custom shape grammars with animation tools, either as a learning or educational tool or for the purposes of architectural design.
Standard shape grammars contain an initial shape or design and one or more transformation rules. In a simple scenario the designer just applies the rules in the initial design or in a complicated scenario has to chose which rule to apply. Dynamic shape grammars on the other hand use animation tools to produce dynamic rules of transformation, or even dynamic – parametric initial shapes on which to apply the rules on. The dynamic state of the rules in our system allow the designer to change the rules during designing without having to abandon a core structural idea or concept. Furthermore the implementation with an animation tool allows the design system to be form-independent and express the underlying structure of an architectural idea with non-graphical connections like parent and child relationships, or other deformation rules.
It can be shown that in a computation context dynamic shape grammars are actually groups of standard shape grammars where the grammars in the group share the classification of the transformation rules they contain. The system that we present allows the designer to change between the grammars in one group in a transparent way without expressing the grammar formally but by only manipulating simple objects inside the animation software package. This transparency focuses the effort of the user in simply design and keeping track of the formal declarations of shape grammars while the multiple dynamic grammars remove the obstacle of conforming to a single set of rules. The benefits of this effort can be especially seen in actual architectural design where the focus is in developing a concept idea and not strictly adhering to the rules.
http://www.blender.org/community/blender-conference/blender-conference-2007/conference-proceedings/theodore-dounas/
Abstract:
The research presented in the paper explores the creation of custom shape grammars with animation tools, either as a learning or educational tool or for the purposes of architectural design.
Standard shape grammars contain an initial shape or design and one or more transformation rules. In a simple scenario the designer just applies the rules in the initial design or in a complicated scenario has to chose which rule to apply. Dynamic shape grammars on the other hand use animation tools to produce dynamic rules of transformation, or even dynamic – parametric initial shapes on which to apply the rules on. The dynamic state of the rules in our system allow the designer to change the rules during designing without having to abandon a core structural idea or concept. Furthermore the implementation with an animation tool allows the design system to be form-independent and express the underlying structure of an architectural idea with non-graphical connections like parent and child relationships, or other deformation rules.
It can be shown that in a computation context dynamic shape grammars are actually groups of standard shape grammars where the grammars in the group share the classification of the transformation rules they contain. The system that we present allows the designer to change between the grammars in one group in a transparent way without expressing the grammar formally but by only manipulating simple objects inside the animation software package. This transparency focuses the effort of the user in simply design and keeping track of the formal declarations of shape grammars while the multiple dynamic grammars remove the obstacle of conforming to a single set of rules. The benefits of this effort can be especially seen in actual architectural design where the focus is in developing a concept idea and not strictly adhering to the rules.
http://www.blender.org/community/blender-conference/blender-conference-2007/conference-proceedings/theodore-dounas/
quarta-feira, 3 de junho de 2009
Bischof Horst, RiemenschneiderHayko (2008)
CityFit: High-Quality Urban Reconstructions by Fitting Shape Grammars to Images and derived Textured Point Clouds
The generation of realistic 3D models of whole cities has become a vibrant and highly competitive market through the recent activities of, most notably, Goggle Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth. While the first generation of these systems only delivered high-quality zoomable images of the ground, the current trend is heavily geared towards 3D – that is, users can access three-dimensional height- fields of the terrain, and even 3D models of individual buildings. Simple building models, basically extruded polygons with different types of roofs, can be generated today from aerial images completely automatically. This is a solved problem. Far from solved, however, is the problem of generating automatically detailed buildings with façades. Input data for this problem are registered range maps obtained by stereo matching and sequences of highly overlapping thus redundant images (taken from a car driving in the road) where each pixel has not only a color but also a depth, a z-value. Although range maps can be directly rendered in principle, the data size is huge and, more importantly, the pixels have no semantics: A priori there is no difference between a pixel on the floor, on the wall, or on a door. But these shape semantics are required by all downstream applications using the city model. Shape grammars, on the other hand, have recently become (again) a popular method in research for representing 3D buildings. Their great advantage is that they allow to parameterize buildings, which can be used for populating virtual cities with believable architectural buildings, e.g., for 3D games. The goal of the CITYFIT project is, given highly redundant input imagery and range maps from an arbitrary building in Graz, to synthesize a shape grammar that, when evaluated, creates a clean, CAD- quality reconstruction of that building that fits the original data very closely and makes the semantics of all major architectural features explicit. These shape semantics can even be transferred back to inform the original data, so each of these “semantically enriched” data points can tell whether it belongs to ground, wall, or door. http://www.icg.tu-graz.ac.at/research/CityFit
The generation of realistic 3D models of whole cities has become a vibrant and highly competitive market through the recent activities of, most notably, Goggle Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth. While the first generation of these systems only delivered high-quality zoomable images of the ground, the current trend is heavily geared towards 3D – that is, users can access three-dimensional height- fields of the terrain, and even 3D models of individual buildings. Simple building models, basically extruded polygons with different types of roofs, can be generated today from aerial images completely automatically. This is a solved problem. Far from solved, however, is the problem of generating automatically detailed buildings with façades. Input data for this problem are registered range maps obtained by stereo matching and sequences of highly overlapping thus redundant images (taken from a car driving in the road) where each pixel has not only a color but also a depth, a z-value. Although range maps can be directly rendered in principle, the data size is huge and, more importantly, the pixels have no semantics: A priori there is no difference between a pixel on the floor, on the wall, or on a door. But these shape semantics are required by all downstream applications using the city model. Shape grammars, on the other hand, have recently become (again) a popular method in research for representing 3D buildings. Their great advantage is that they allow to parameterize buildings, which can be used for populating virtual cities with believable architectural buildings, e.g., for 3D games. The goal of the CITYFIT project is, given highly redundant input imagery and range maps from an arbitrary building in Graz, to synthesize a shape grammar that, when evaluated, creates a clean, CAD- quality reconstruction of that building that fits the original data very closely and makes the semantics of all major architectural features explicit. These shape semantics can even be transferred back to inform the original data, so each of these “semantically enriched” data points can tell whether it belongs to ground, wall, or door. http://www.icg.tu-graz.ac.at/research/CityFit
terça-feira, 2 de junho de 2009
Rosirene Mayer (2003) A linguagem de Oscar Niemeyer,
Orientador: Benamy Turkienicz 
This work aims at describing the elements that characterize Oscar Niemeyer’s singular architectural language. It argues that the identification of these elements passes for the scrutiny of non-visible aspects of his work. The identification was possible taking into consideration from the analysis of buildings characterized for curved profile and the construction of a model that associates the compositional elements utilized by Niemeyer to a Shape Grammar. The utilization of the model made it possible to reveal the generative principles - set of rules, vocabulary and geometric relations - that characterize Niemeyer’s style and architectural language. It also helped showing how Niemeyer’s language associates, in an original way, operations of transformation such as rotation, reflection, and translation to a vocabulary of curves. The association has its parameters on a drawn line which acts as a regulator based on the golden section. As its conclusion, the work suggests possibilities of development of this grammar for all the forms utilized by Niemeyer and the aplication of generative principles in the teaching of architecture.
http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/6693
This work aims at describing the elements that characterize Oscar Niemeyer’s singular architectural language. It argues that the identification of these elements passes for the scrutiny of non-visible aspects of his work. The identification was possible taking into consideration from the analysis of buildings characterized for curved profile and the construction of a model that associates the compositional elements utilized by Niemeyer to a Shape Grammar. The utilization of the model made it possible to reveal the generative principles - set of rules, vocabulary and geometric relations - that characterize Niemeyer’s style and architectural language. It also helped showing how Niemeyer’s language associates, in an original way, operations of transformation such as rotation, reflection, and translation to a vocabulary of curves. The association has its parameters on a drawn line which acts as a regulator based on the golden section. As its conclusion, the work suggests possibilities of development of this grammar for all the forms utilized by Niemeyer and the aplication of generative principles in the teaching of architecture.http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/6693
1) How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes?
2) What similarities and differences in approach can be observed?
The generation of shapes that conform to particular styles, using shape computation tools based on the mathematics of shape grammars [Stiny 1980], has been demonstrated in a number of domains [Prats et al 2006]. Researchers at the University of Leeds have built the world’s first and only 3D shape grammar implementation for curvilinear shapes [Chau 2004]. The basic elements of a shape grammar are shown in Figure 1. The box at the top of the figure shows an initial shape (that seeds the computation) and the two shape rules that are applied during the computation. The shapes at the bottom of the figure show a fragment of the network of shapes that can be computed from the initial shape through the application of the shape rules. The application of a shape rule involves two key steps. Firstly, the shape on the left-hand side of a rule must be identified in the shape from which a new shape is to be computed; this is referred to as “sub-shape detection”. Secondly, the rule is applied by replacing the sub-shape from the left-hand side of the rule with the shape on the right-hand side of the rule. Once a sub-shape has been detected, the Leeds system can automatically apply a rule. However, the sub-shapes have to be identified manually because the automatic detection of sub-shapes is an open research question within the shape grammar community.
The generation of shapes that conform to particular styles, using shape computation tools based on the mathematics of shape grammars [Stiny 1980], has been demonstrated in a number of domains [Prats et al 2006]. Researchers at the University of Leeds have built the world’s first and only 3D shape grammar implementation for curvilinear shapes [Chau 2004]. The basic elements of a shape grammar are shown in Figure 1. The box at the top of the figure shows an initial shape (that seeds the computation) and the two shape rules that are applied during the computation. The shapes at the bottom of the figure show a fragment of the network of shapes that can be computed from the initial shape through the application of the shape rules. The application of a shape rule involves two key steps. Firstly, the shape on the left-hand side of a rule must be identified in the shape from which a new shape is to be computed; this is referred to as “sub-shape detection”. Secondly, the rule is applied by replacing the sub-shape from the left-hand side of the rule with the shape on the right-hand side of the rule. Once a sub-shape has been detected, the Leeds system can automatically apply a rule. However, the sub-shapes have to be identified manually because the automatic detection of sub-shapes is an open research question within the shape grammar community.
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